Oilfield drilling equipment classification

In order to explore and exploit the oil and natural gas contained deep in the formation, people must use various drilling equipment and tools to drill through hard and complex formations. Common drilling types are divided into exploration drilling, geothermal drilling, oil drilling, coal field drilling, mine drilling, construction drilling, etc. according to their uses. Drilling equipment is divided into rotation, lifting, circulation, power and transmission, control and other systems according to their functions.

rotating system
*Rotary table

The turntable drives the drill string and drill bit to rotate through the kelly for drilling. When downhole power drilling tools are used to drive the drill bit to rotate, the turntable is used to withstand the reaction torque.

lifting system
*Draw-works
*Stand (of drill pipe)
*Crown block
*activity pulley
*Big hook
*Wire rope

The drawworks is mainly used for tripping drilling tools, running casing and controlling the bit weight during drilling. The derrick is used to place lifting equipment and tools such as cranes, suspended traveling pulleys, and hooks, as well as to hoist, lower, and store pipe strings. The crown block and swimming block are a set of compound pulley devices used to reduce the tension on the winch wire rope. The number of wire ropes in the compound pulley of large and medium-sized drilling rigs is generally 8 to 12 strands.

Mud circulation system
*Mud pump (there are two types: double-cylinder, double-acting piston type and three-cylinder single-acting piston type)
*High pressure mud pipeline
*water hose
*Faucet
*Drill string

The mud pump inhales mud from the mud pool, injects the mud into the drill string through ground mud pipelines, hoses, and faucets, rushes to the bottom of the well through the drill bit water hole, and carries the bottom cuttings from the annulus between the drill string and the well wall back to the wellhead. The mud circulation system maintains mud circulation, flushes the bottom of the well, and transfers the injected high-pressure mud energy to the bottom of the well.

Mud solids control equipment
*Shale Shaker
*Desander
*Desilter
*Degasser
*Mud Gas Separator

Use Mud Shale Shaker, Desander and Desilter equipment to remove useless solid particles in the well return mud, automatically keep the mud specific gravity constant, and automatically adjust the mud specific gravity and other properties when there are signs of a blowout.

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Power and transmission system
*diesel engine
*electric motor
*gas turbine
*Control System

The transmission units include mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission and electric transmission, which transmit power to winches, turntables, mud pumps and other working machines. Electrically driven drilling rigs are widely used in deep well and offshore drilling. The control system enables each unit to work in a coordinated manner according to the needs of the drilling process. Including controlling the starting, stopping, speed regulation, paralleling, and reversing of power machines, winches, turntables, mud pumps, etc.

Well control system
*blowout preventer
*choke manifold
*kill manifold
*mud

It is an important equipment used in oil and gas drilling to ensure safe drilling. The blowout preventer is used to prevent the mud, oil, gas, and water in the well from erupting. The blowout preventer includes a ram blowout preventer, a rotating blowout preventer, and a universal blowout preventer. and other types, which are installed at the wellhead under the drill floor and are used to close the annulus between the drill string and casing or the entire wellhead.